Role of Women in Nation Development (Book of Conference Proceedings of NIT Jamshedpur 2020) ISBN- 978-81-948050-4-5

Authors:-Madhumita Roy, Dr. Anirban Mandal, Dr. Pranam Dhar

Abstract:-Workplace Deviance is a planned, expected, and malicious attempt to damage an organization by creating workplace problems. Deviating actions of workers have a negative potential in many ways for organizations. Past research has shown that the personal variations in workplace deviance may account for individual variables. One of the most common results is that men are more frequently overtly violent than women. However, most previous studies have indicated that the size of the general behavioral pattern of each sex provides information about a specific segment of the population. Women members are often ignored in most studies, though they play a critical role in the organizational decision-making process. In this research article, a pilot study has been conducted as part of the author's research work to understand the kind of deviant behaviour problems that the working women in educational institutes are facing. The study made a comparison between women members working in government and private educational institutes in the surrounding districts of Kolkata. A test is applied to understand whether any significant difference exists in terms of the variables identified during the exploratory study.

Keywords:-Deviant Behaviour, Women, Educational Institute.

Authors:-Swati Shaw, Dipak Jaiswal, Harsha Sethia, Anjali Gupta

Abstract:-Women constitute nearly half of India’s population, so the government tries to empower them in all aspects for the development of the nation. An educated woman not only has a saying in the family but also helps in developing human capital to accelerate economic growth. Women empowerment commences with the concept of education. The Govt. of India has started free and compulsory education up to the age of 14 years, SarvaShikshaAbhiyan, BetiBachao, BetiPadhao etc. initiatives and schemes, which calls for basic development only. Nowadays, girls and women have crossed the boundaries of education and touched the horizon of higher education where they can explore themselves. The aim of this study is to highlight the position of women in higher education in India with the help of their enrolment in different courses through regular and distance mode of higher education, out-turn in different levels of programmes and different other aspects. Women enrolment in higher education is rising faster, revealing that women are increasingly turning toward higher education with clearer aspirations.

Keywords:-Higher Education, Enrolment in Higher Education, Mode of Higher Education, Levels of Programmes.

Authors: Mahima Sharma, Sony Varghese

Abstract: Several interplaying aspects create an environment that readily encourages women to gain an interest in research at an early age and subsequently pursue it as a career. Insight into these individual facets can unravel the factors behind establishing the ideal research ecosystem for women researchers. In this paper, we try to understand these driving factors that can help women who are planning to or are already pursuing a research career. Thus, personal and collective efforts to build a conducive environment could pave the way for women to reach their potential, thereby inspiring future researchers.

Keywords: Women, Research, Environment, Driving factors.

Authors: Shubham Gaurav, Rhea Srivastava Nioun Nagsen, Yatharth Rohatgi,Dr. Kumari Namrata , Dr. Prabha Chand

Abstract: The world is progressing by leaps and bounds when it comes to women coming to the forefront and proving their mettle in diverse fields like space research, politics, bureaucracy, business administration, literature, science and arts. Gone are the days when the woman was confined to the four walls of the house, and her role was limited to family and child care. It feels great to see that the women have finally found the light at the end of their centuries-long journey through the dark tunnel of anonymousness. It’s an indisputable fact that the acclamation and stature that the women have been receiving in the past few decades is something that they deserved long back.

However, in the field of research and development, the odds aren’t still in their favor. The gender-biases here are so deep-rooted that we’ve still not been able to overcome that. The reasons for the underrepresentation of women are manifold: lack of programs to recruit women scientists, and the absence of mentoring programs within institutions to provide professional support, lack of career re-entry programs to encourage women scientists to resume their careers after taking a break to start a family, etc. This paper analyses all these situations in detail and suggests possible measures. Despite the efforts of certain private and government organizations slight increase in the inclusion of women in technology companies has been witnessed in recent years, but the representation is still very disappointing, particularly in leadership roles.

Keywords: Women, Research, Development, Representation, Statistics, Gender inequality, Participation, Opportunities.

Authors: Priti Kumari

Abstract: A comparison of facts and statistics from various resources proves the growing contribution of women in engineering and other technical fields across the globe. This paper holds some of the very inspiring women engineers from the past who fought against all the odd circumstances, changed the world with their inventions, and made society think the other way. This paper also covers all the hurdles that women have faced in the past and fought with to achieve their goals. To attain the full potential of a nation, it should improve the participation of more and more women in the fields of technology and engineering. This paper comes up with some of the effective ways that can be used to improve the statistics of women enrolment in engineering. We will also see the initiatives that have been taken by the government to empower women in the fields of technology and engineering.

Keywords: Engineering, Women Engineers, Gender Discrimination, Women Empowerment.

Authors: Dr. N. Anitha Devi, S. Nidarshna

Abstract: The true entrepreneur is a doer and not a dreamer. The change of social fabric of the Indian culture, as far as the expanded educational status of women and differing desires for their cut above living. Increased female entrepreneurial activity emits progress for women’s rights and optimization of their economic and social living index. Women entrepreneurship  symbolizes women’s empowerment. Entrepreneurship is endlessly fascinating as people love the challenge of creating something from nothing and making it work. The need of the hour is to encourage women to set up their own enterprise. Parallel to the male counterparts, female entrepreneurs are catalytic in job creation, innovation and more tactile to the contribution of the Gross National Product of the country. An economy flourishes when women get a level playing field as that of men. Innovation and Technology are indeed the catalysts for Entrepreneurship. Despite handling all the social hurdles, Indian Women have risen tall from the rest of the crowd and are acclaimed for their achievements in their respective fields. Women-owned business enterprises help in stimulating others as well as generating more employment opportunities in and across the country. Inspite of all the huge developments that have been made in gender equality, the transformation of the Indian society, in terms of the educational status of women for better living, still fails to bridge the gap between males and females in the arena of education, employment and entrepreneurship. The objective of this paper is to fill in part of this gap and to explore the studies related to Women as Entrepreneurs in the field of engineering. The main significance of our study is to Revealthe profile of women entrepreneurs, determine their problems, Specify the mechanisms which support women and exhibitthe expectations and demands of women entrepreneurs.

Keywords: Entrepreneur, Technology, Problems faced.

Authors: Neha, Dr. Geeta Parwanda

Abstract: Background: Uterine prolapse is a health concern affecting millions of women worldwide. The global prevalence of genital prolapse is 2 to 20 % under age 45 years. Women in India usually hide these symptoms in shame leading to more complications. Early identification of risk factors and knowledge about preventive measures may help to prevent complications of the disease. Objective: i. To assess the prevalence of uterine prolapse among married women. ii. To develop and validate video-assisted teaching on preventive measures of uterine prolapse among married women. iii. To evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching in terms of knowledge among married women in the experimental group. iv. To compare the knowledge on preventive measure of uterine prolapse in experimental & control group among married women. v. To find out the association between post-test knowledge in the experimental group with their selected demographic variables among married women. Methods: A quasi-Experimental study was done on 100 married women from 21-52 years, 50 in both the control and experimental group selected by the Purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by using a prevalence checklist and structured knowledge questionnaire on preventive measures of uterine prolapse. Pre-test and post-test were taken for both experimental and control groups; video-assisted teaching was given only to the experimental group. Result: Maximum of the sample in the experimental group wereage group of (29 -36) years, i.e., 17(34%) and control group were age group of (37 -44) years, i.e., 19(38%). 40% among the sample present with signs and symptoms of uterine prolapse under the following category: severe prevalence 7(17.5%), moderate 19(47.5%) and low prevalence 14(35%). The mean difference between pre-test knowledge and post-test knowledge (7.70). The‘t’ value of (18.67) for df (49) was found to be statistically significant at 0.05 level.

Keywords: Uterine prolapse, Prevalence, Video assisted teaching.

Authors: Rekha

Abstract: Women constitute nearly half the world’s population. Despite this, it has been observed that the participation of women in the engineering field is less compared to that of males. This paper presents the various factors which are contributing to less presence of women in the engineering field. Various facts and figures have been presented to support this analysis. This paper also highlights the measures to be taken to improve this number along with the advantages which can be achieved by employing more women engineers.

Keywords: United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET).

Authors: Cheshta Arora

Abstract: The paper looks at the discourse of women in science and zooms in on the figure of Janaki Ammal, juxtaposing the narrative strategies that are deployed by two writers to narrate her story. Anchoring the argument on the narration of this figure, the paper argues that the discourse of women in science should make a distinction between state and nation, which would also allow one to reconfigure the relation between science and politics. The last part reflects on the contemporary debates around March for science to locate the argument on the contemporary.

Keywords: Women in science, Narrative, Political, State, Nation, March for science.

Authors: Dr. Shwati Sudha, Ankita Singh, Dr. Prabha Chand, Dr. Kumari Namrata,Surbhi Swaraj 

Abstract: Introduction: Management is represented as the synchronization of miscellaneous organizational activities. The major obstacle to women's success in management is the gender stereotyping of the managerial position. Women's growth in management depends on the acceptance of these intractable viewpoints. They ensure that these perspectives do not derail their accomplishments in the organization. The in-built characteristic of kindness, trust, and motivation, of women compels to consider them as born managers. But when this comes in practicality, different ifs and buts are encountered by women in their journey in the organization. Hence, the study focuses on the following objectives to present a clear picture to address the women in contemporary business management:

1. To specify different roles, women demonstrate at workplace.
2. To pinpoint the challenges faced by women at work.
3. To state the contribution of women at the workplace.

The study depends on the analysis of secondary data collected from different articles and journals. The qualitative investigation of secondary data is conducted through the systematic review technique. The emergence of women in management at different levels in the organization precipitates many discussions. The study specifies different interpersonal, informational and decisional roles women demonstrate at the workplace. The study identifies the challenges of work-life balance, work pay gap, workplace harassment, work centered opportunities etc., faced by women at the workplace. This requires the traits of empathy, emotional intelligence and engrossment by women to handle these challenges. At last, the study states the contribution of women at the workplace in terms of higher engagement, less attrition, decreased boredom and burnout, increased job satisfaction and more organizational dedication.

Keywords: Women, Management, Roles, Contribution, Challenges, Qualitative Data, Contemporary Business.

Authors: Puja Srivastava

Abstract: Women and the nation share a special bond that aims towards unanimous growth and development. As we know, development is not a prize of one factor; rather, it paves its path on many elements. In my research paper, I have portrayed the aspect of the environment as a pillar of prosperity. The sustainable development of a nation is incomplete without nature. Nature helps in enriching nations with natural resources, which is the lifeline of the existence and evolution of human beings. But everything needs to administer or regulated in order to proper utilization of resources. Here, women play a vital role. She regulates the wealth of nature in a proper manner and thus helps in the comprehensive availability of it. The efforts made by women towards the conservation and proper handling of the environment support nation to proceed in the path of progress. 

Keywords: Women, Ecology, Nature, Management, Nation, Development.

Authors: Rhea Srivastava, Shubham Gaurav, Dr. Kumari Namrata, Dr. Pabha Chand

Abstract: It is said that a person is the CEO of his/her own life. And when it comes to women, they are considered to be homemakers. The above two statements completely contradict each other. So does this imply that all the women on this earth strive to become the best homemakers? Or is it the other way round that women who choose career over home don’t have a satisfying family life. This paper covers an analysis of gender bias; following this, examples have been cited as to how women and various organizations have strived to achieve no gender discrimination at the workplace. Further ways of promoting equal opportunities for women have also been discussed.

Keywords: Gender diversity, Equal opportunities, Women, Management.

Authors: Amrita Thapa, Kesari Singh

Abstract: Non-timber forest product (NTFP) is the resource from forest other than timber like gum, medicinal plants, Mushroom, vegetables, etc., which is an important source for the Livelihood of the rural and tribal areas of a poor and developing country. India, which is having a large population majority of which lives in the village of tribal areas and mountainous terrain,  has become the role of women to collect, process, and getting  NTFP ready for the market and its consumption locally. The non-timber forest products have also become, over the years, a good source of household income. In this paper, a review work has been carried out to enlighten the women’s role in NTFP management.

Keywords: Gender inequality, Non-Timber forest product (NTFP), Women empowerment.

Authors: Ankita Singh, Priya Raman

Abstract: The art to put a point across a discussion in a structured manner to reach a conclusion is termed as Negotiation. An individual negotiates on a day-to-day basis, even without any realization of doing so. At the same time, when this takes place at the organizational level, the way negotiation is handled by men and women are different on many grounds. The major reason behind this is the behavioral traits of both genders, which substantially affect the way they negotiate. Men are seen as negotiators who are competitive, rational, and logical and prefer the situation of Win-Lose. On the contrary, Women are seen as accommodative, emotional & empathetic negotiators who prefer a Win-Win situation. Along with this, Women as negotiators in the organizations are never seen in the curve that contributes to the development of a nation. Hence, the study focuses on the accomplishment of the following objectives:

The research paper is an exploratory study to acquire in-depth knowledge and information on women as negotiators for the collection of secondary data through the systematic review technique. The study acts as an initial step towards the contribution of women as negotiators in the organization. This specifies the role of women as negotiators in the organization, which states negotiation as an opportunity, as well as, at times, a problem for women’s career advancement. The study elaborates on the major differences between men and women negotiators. This demonstrates that women are passive and submissive, whereas men are most dominant and authoritative in their negotiation style. Women focused more on relationship building, whereas men are more focused on facts and figures. The study also mentions the best practices women need to inherit during negotiation. This involves negotiation on behalf of team members, negotiation from your position rather than personality or gender, stress only where it is possible and appropriate, and building a network with individuals who do not believe in gender dichotomy.

Keywords: Women, Negotiator, Negotiation, Organization, Nation, Development, Role, Negotiation Practices. 

Authors: Sheba Rivy Simon, Bongurala Gangadhara

Abstract: India has an abysmal track record in the Gender Gap Index. Although some fields can boast higher women’s participation, the legal profession is still infamous for its skewed sex ratio. Albeit the Indian legal profession opened its doors to the female entrants way back in 1923, the profession is still not conducive for women's participation. In such circumstances, this paper examines the different challenges confronting women in the contemporary legal profession ranging from legal education, mentorship, work-life balance, employment opportunities, remuneration, promotions and various other aspects related to professional development. The paper also seeks to explore various prospects for bridging the gender divide that has been plaguing the profession for so long.

Keywords: Gender discrimination, Legal System, Mentorship, Patriarchy, Work-life balance.

Authors: Taniya Banerjee

Abstract: The Supreme Court relies on formal equality theory. Still, since the Constitution mentions "special" provisions for women and other historically disenfranchised groups, the Court has adopted a substantive equality model that recognizes differences between men and women and enhances the unequal consequences of those differences. But laws have been androcentric since its existence. It took so many years of the judiciary to reflect on women's issues reveal women's negation from the law's ambit. This paper argues that law can become a tool of empowerment as well as an obstruction for women. To put the women’s issues on the front, it is necessary to represent the women's community who have specialized knowledge of circumstances that may help interpret a case. A contextual understanding of any event is essential for bringing in a feminist judgment. Laws are generally based on common knowledge, which is structured through social norms. A contextual understanding of law reveals how a particular rule is inapplicable in every sphere of judgment. Laws reflect society, and since it involves spaces of patriarchal notions, women have often been reluctant to raise their voices in such areas. The process of the court procedures, filing a case, etc., involves a tedious and monetary aspect, which has led many women to stay outside India's legal arena.

Keywords: Feminist judgement, Empowerment, Contextual understanding, Government, Law.

Authors: Vineet Kumar Singh, Rhea Srivastava, Shubham Gaurav, Dr. Kumari Namrata,Dr. Prabha Chand

Abstract: Society generally tends to have a skeptical view on whether women should be left free to take up administrative posts or not. With so many provisions made by the government to ensure that women do actively take up administrative roles, there is a lot of scope for improvement, which still needs to be done to let women do so. This paper highlights the under-representation of women in administrative roles, the hurdles preventing their representation and the recommendations to overcome these hurdles.

Keywords: Administration, Women Representation, Barriers, Feminine.